COVID-19疫情期间全球空气质量变化:臭氧响应的区域间差异          下载免费PDF全文

Rong Tang  Xin Huang  Derong Zhou  Haikun Wang  Jiawei Xu  Aijun Ding 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(4):45-51

疫情期间全球各地一次排放大幅削减,而臭氧等二次污染的响应则存在着区域间差异.结合地面和卫星观测发现,同在氮氧化物大幅下降的情况下,臭氧在东亚和欧洲呈现出可达14ppb的上升信号,而北美则下降为主(约2-4ppb).我们结合气象分析和臭氧敏感性进一步讨论了臭氧响应差异性的原因,一方面受臭氧与前体物间关系的影响;另一方面来自于气象,尤其是温度.研究明晰了人为排放,化学和气象三者的内在关联,强调了在臭氧控制过程中考虑前体物削减和气象条件协同的重要性.  相似文献   

A modified mix-differenced approach for estimating multi-GNSS real-time satellite clock offsets     

Yongchang Chen  Yunbin Yuan  Baocheng Zhang  Teng Liu  Wenwu Ding  Qingsong Ai 《GPS Solutions》2018,22(3):72

A modified mixed-differenced approach for estimating multi-GNSS real-time clock offsets is presented. This approach, as compared to the earlier presented mixed-differenced approach which uses epoch-differenced and undifferenced observations, further adds a satellite-differenced process. The proposed approach, based on real-time orbit products and a mix of epoch-differenced and satellite-differenced observations to estimate only satellite clock offsets and tropospheric zenith wet delays, has fewer estimated parameters than other approaches, and thus its implementing procedure is efficient and can be performed and extended easily. To obtain high accuracy, the approach involves three steps. First, the high-accuracy tropospheric zenith wet delay of each station is estimated using mixed-differenced carrier phase observations. Second, satellite clock offset changes between adjacent epochs are estimated using also mixed-differenced carrier phase observations. Third, the satellite clock offsets at the initial epoch are estimated using satellite-differenced pseudorange observations. Finally, the initial epoch clock results and clock offset changes are concatenated to obtain the clock results of the current epoch. To validate the real-time satellite clock results, multi-GNSS post-processing clock products from IGS ACs were selected for comparison. From the comparison, the standard deviations of the GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou and Galileo systems clock results are approximately 0.1–0.4 ns, except for the BeiDou GEO satellites. The root mean squares are about 0.4–2.3 ns, which are similar to those of other international real-time products. When the clock estimates were assessed based on a pseudo-kinematic PPP procedure, the positioning accuracies in the East, North and Up components reach 5.6, 5.5 and 7.6 cm, respectively, which meet the centimeter level and are comparable to the application of other products.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地塔中志留系柯坪塔格组物源示踪:碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学证据          下载免费PDF全文

李祥权  丁洪坤  彭鹏  吴梅莲  钟楚红  柴雄  刘国威  彭丽 《地球科学》2021,46(8):2819-2831

目前对塔中志留系物源的认识仍存在不确定性.利用LA-ICP-MS分析技术对塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系柯坪塔格组2件样品开展碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究.结果表明塔中志留系碎屑锆石主要为岩浆结晶成因,锆石年龄主要分布在早古生代460~490 Ma、新元古代760~1 000 Ma、古元古代1 600~2 200 Ma及新太古代晚期-古元古代早期2 400~2 600 Ma四个时期,其中新元古代760~1 000 Ma碎屑锆石年龄占绝对优势（56.8%）,峰值~850 Ma.结合志留纪时期塔里木板块南北缘的板块动力学背景,通过盆内构造演化及地貌特征的分析以及和潜在源区锆石年龄的详细对比,确定塔中志留系碎屑锆石主要来源于塔里木盆地西南缘的铁克里克隆起构造带.   相似文献   

Variations of methane stable isotopic values from an Alpine peatland on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau     

Guo  Qian  Peng  Haijun  Hong  Bing  Yao  Hu  Zhu  Yongxuan  Ding  Hanwei  An  Ning  Hong  Yetang 《中国地球化学学报》2021,40(4):473-483

Acta Geochimica - Isotopic signature is a powerful tool to discriminate methane (CH4) source types and constrain regional and global scale CH4 budgets. Peatlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are...  相似文献   

Fabric evolution and crack propagation in salt during consolidation and cyclic compression tests     

Shen  Xianda  Ding  Jihui  Lordkipanidze  Ilia  Arson  Chloé  Chester  Judith S.  Chester  Frederick M. 《Acta Geotechnica》2021,16(6):1679-1697

  相似文献   

Investigation of the penetration characteristics of snake skin-inspired pile using DEM     

Zhong  Wenhan  Liu  Hanlong  Wang  Qi  Zhang  Wengang  Li  Yongqin  Ding  Xuanming  Chen  Longlong 《Acta Geotechnica》2021,16(6):1849-1865

Acta Geotechnica - Snake can perfectly utilize its scales to move. Inspired by the snake scales, this study investigated the characteristics of the snake skin-inspired pile penetration process. Six...  相似文献   

河南省人工防雹作业指挥系统研发及应用     

鲍向东  丁建芳  杜春丽  刘磊  郭丽梅 《气象与环境科学》2019,42(1):127-134

利用河南省历史气象资料,结合先进的防雹理论与技术,系统分析和总结了河南省冰雹过程的天气尺度与中尺度概念模型,并根据三维冰雹云数值模式及雷达探测、闪电定位、卫星、自动站数据,研发出河南省人工防雹作业指挥系统。该系统包括天气形势分析子系统和作业决策指挥子系统。天气形势分析子系统可根据大尺度形势背景、中尺度系统特征及三维冰雹云数值模式和卫星、闪电、自动站资料,对可能降雹区进行预测。作业决策指挥子系统通过对雷达数据产品的二次开发,完成雷达资料处理、产品生成及风暴自动识别、分类、预警,并根据参数的变化和雹云的移动方向,对下游作业区进行预警及输出作业方案。整个系统基于VS2005开发平台,使用c++开发语言,利用图层分层管理将地理信息、雷达实时观测资料、雷达二次产品、高空资料、火箭和高炮作业点等信息分层显示。系统自动化程度高,操作简便,为河南省冰雹天气预报预警提供了可参考的技术指标体系。  相似文献   

基于ERA5的快速辐射传输模式与FY-4A成像仪观测结果的偏差分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

瞿建华  张烺  陆其峰  张迺强  王丁 《气象学报》2019,77(5):911-922

2016年12月发射升空的FY-4A是中国第二代静止轨道气象卫星,该星上搭载了可提供东半球近实时高分辨率卫星观测数据的扫描辐射成像仪——AGRI（Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager）。在其观测数据应用于大气参数反演或同化前,数据偏差的定量化分析是一个必要环节。采用快速辐射传输模式RTTOV（Radiative Transfer for the TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder）,基于欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）第5个全球再分析数据产品（ERA5）对AGRI的7个红外通道（通道08—14）进行了模拟,并利用MODIS云检测产品对模拟结果进行了晴空筛选,以期得到一些对AGRI的定量应用有价值的偏差分析结果。观测-模拟（O-B）的偏差分析结果显示:海洋和陆地上,通道10（7.1 μm）存在明显大于其他红外通道的系统性偏差,这很可能来源于ERA5在对流层中层对水汽的高估。通道08为近红外短波通道,地表反射作用影响强烈,陆地上存在较大的平均偏差,而海洋上平均偏差小于0.4 K。通道14在ERA5近地层气温偏高及定标偏差的影响下,海洋存在接近1 K的平均偏差;陆地上存在2 K左右的平均偏差。其余各红外通道在海洋和陆地上的平均偏差分别在0.6和1.3 K以下。偏差影响因子分析结果显示:地表海拔高度、观测天顶角对偏差也存在一定程度的影响;海洋上偏差分布存在季节变化可能来源于再分析资料中海表温度估算的季节性误差。   相似文献   

Duffing振子系统周期解的唯一性与精确周期信号的获取方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王坤  关新平  丁喜峰  乔杰敏 《海洋学报》2010,32(10):6859-6863

研究Duffing振子系统的周期解的唯一性与精确周期信号的获取方法. 应用定性分析方法,获得了一类Duffing振子系统具有唯一周期解的必要条件,同时也得到了一类更广泛的非线性周期系统的周期解的唯一性.在一定条件下,给出了Duffing振子系统精确周期信号的获取方法.  相似文献   

Distributions and seasonal variations of dissolved carbohydrates in the Jiaozhou Bay,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gui-Peng Yang  Yan-Ping ZhangXiao-Lan Lu  Hai-Bing Ding 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

Surface seawater samples were collected in the Jiaozhou Bay, a typical semi-closed basin located at the western part of the Shandong Peninsula, China, during four cruises. Concentrations of monosaccharides (MCHO), polysaccharides (PCHO) and total dissolved carbohydrates (TCHO) were measured with the 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine spectroscopic method. Concentrations of TCHO varied from 10.8 to 276.1 μM C for all samples and the ratios of TCHO to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranged from 1.1 to 67.9% with an average of 10.1%. This result indicated that dissolved carbohydrates were an important constituent of DOC in the surface seawater of the Jiaozhou Bay. In all samples, the concentrations of MCHO ranged from 2.9 to 65.9 μM C, comprising 46.1 ± 16.6% of TCHO on average, while PCHO ranged from 0.3 to 210.2 μM C, comprising 53.9 ± 16.6% of TCHO on average. As a major part of dissolved carbohydrates, the concentrations of PCHO were higher than those of MCHO. MCHO and PCHO accumulated in January and July, with minimum average concentration in April. The seasonal variation in the ratios of TCHO to DOC was related to water temperature, with high values in January and low values in July and October. The concentrations of dissolved carbohydrates displayed a decreasing trend from the coastal to the central areas. Negative correlations between concentrations of TCHO and salinity in July suggested that riverine input around the Jiaozhou Bay had an important effect on the concentrations of dissolved carbohydrates in surface seawater. The pattern of distributions of MCHO and PCHO reported in this study added to the global picture of dissolved carbohydrates distribution.  相似文献